IJRAFS Volume 1

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAILS FED ALCHORNEA CORDIFOLIA LEAF MEAL IN REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL

A 56-day experiment was conducted to assess the performance and carcass characteristics of one hundred and fifty (150) growing Giant African Land Snails(GALS) (Archachatina marginata) of mean weight 62.20g (Range: 53.23g to 68.07g) in a completely randomized design feeding trial experiment. The Alchornea cordifolia leaves were harvested within the Niger Delta University campus and were air dried followed by sun drying for three (3) days. . …

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION PROCESS: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOOD MARKET (IN CASE OF TAJIKISTAN)

Development of innovation and technological process has an accelerating direction to the integration and exchange of the commercial, industrial, scientific- technological information which changes the character and direction of the food production and consumption in the food market. In this paper we consider and evaluate the dynamic changes of the technological development, innovation and sustainability …

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT FED TELFAIRIA OCCIDENTALIS AND CENTROSEMA PUBESCENS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT

Eighteen mixed breed weaner rabbits (average initial weight(g) of T1 1033-33, T2 950-00 and T3 1366-66) with an average age(weeks) of 4 in T1, 5 in T2 and 6 in T3 were fed with different proportions of 20% of protein, 15% of protein + 5% Telfairia occidentalis (ugu) and 10% protein + 10% Centrosema pubescens per treatments. Each treatment was subjected to different ration inclusion in the diets, 20% of protein control, treatment 1) 15% protein+ 5% Ugu leaf . …

KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF THE THERMOSTABLE XYLANASE PRODUCTION

A thermostable extracellular xylanase from Rhizomucor pusillus was produced using a 120 h solid-state culture and exhibited maximal enzyme activity at pH 6.0 and 70 °C. Thermal inactivation of the pure enzyme followed first-order kinetics. The activation and inactivation energies were 14.73 and 356.95 kJ/mol, respectively. . …

ACCEPTANCE OF IBERIAN HAMS FROM PIGS FATTENED UNDER DIFFERENT REARING CONDITIONS

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the rearing conditions during the fattening period of Iberian pigs on the acceptance of the dry-cured hams, and to research into the relationship between acceptance and sensory characteristics, chemical composition and physical- chemical parameters. . …

GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ON DORSAL ASPECT OF SKULL DOES NOT ASSESS DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HORNED AND POLLED DOMESTIC GOATS.

Few previous studies have explored caprine skulls using geometric morphometric (GM) methods, which enable the quantitative analysis and visualisation of shape changes in skeletal elements and provide an important compliment to traditional lineal analyses. The aim of this research is to determine whether GM techniques can provide insights into how the shape of the goat skull differs between horned and polled animals, focusing on the differences between the dorsal aspects of the neurocranium …

MONITORING AND EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF SUBTLE DEFORESTATION ON TREE DIVERSITY IN SAVANNA WOODLANDS

Forests and woodlands are critical in the global carbon cycle and in regulating the global climate system. The advent of remote sensing has enabled rapid assessment of deforestation across large spatial scales thus complementing field-based methods that are often time consuming. However, the detection of subtle deforestation has remained a challenge using coarse and moderate spatial resolution satellite data. In this study, we test whether and to what extent the Normalised Vegetation Index (NDVI); Coefficient of variation of NDVI (CNDVI) derived from Landsat and Multi- . …

EFFECTS OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IRRIGATION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF AEGILOPS COLUMNARIS ZHUK (POACEAE=GRAMINAE)

Today use of municipal or industrial wastewater as alternative source of water for irrigation purpose is a common practice. The present study has been carried out to understand the effect of wastewater on some physiological and phytochemical parameters of Aegilops columnaris. It is considered to be one of the ancestors of the cultivated wheat, also consists of only one donor species to the gene pool of Triticum and has an important potential utilization in wheat improvement. . …

SENSORY EVALUATION, PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND AVAILABLE CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT OF SOY FLOUR INCORPORATED CEREAL BASED TRADITIONAL SRI LANKAN BREAKFAST FOODS.

Soy incorporated foods have low glycaemic index and consumption of soya increase insulin sensitivity and improve glycaemic control. Therefore this initial study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating soy flour into traditional selected breakfast foods such as rotti, pittu, wandu, thosai, hoppers and string hoppers which could be used as a protein, fiber and polyunsaturated fat enriched low glycaemic foods which will be used for future glycaemic index studies. Rice flour (Bg-352), Wheat flour (Prima) and Soy bean (Pb-1) were used to prepare rotti, pittu, thosai, hoppers, string hoppers . …

STUDY THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION WATER SALINITY AND FUSARIUM FUNGI ON SEVEN SAFFLOWER CULTIVARS

In order to study the effect of Salinity levels of Sodium chloride and Soil type on the characteristics of some grown seeds and the resistance rate of Fusarium fungi (quantitative length evaluation of necrotic part in plants gorget) in biotypes of safflowers, a experiment was factorically conducted by using two salinity levels of sodium chloride (20% and %50 salinitys, seven biotypes of acanaceous and non-acanaceous safflowers (Iraqi 222, IL111, K.H.64.68, and Varamin 295,Local Isfahan , . …

THE EFFECTS OF HELPING BACTERIA IN NITROGEN BEANS FIXATION AND NODULATION WITH RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM BV.PHASEOLI

ASome batteries settle in the Rhizosphere of legume plants and enhance the performance of ribosome batteries to nitrogen fixation and nodulation. In this paper, we used four isolated from two species of Sodonamous containing P.putida, P.flouresence Chao, P.Flouresence Tabriz, P.flouresence B119 and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.phaseoli. In a factorial experiment with complete accidental blocks base and 5 levels of helping bacteria and two Rhizobium levels were inoculated with four repetition of Jamaran418 green bean . …

SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF NOISE BY GENERATING PLANTS IN SOME PARTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR, CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE NIGERIA.

A survey of generating plants noise in the University of Calabar, Nigeria was carried out. This was done using physical and social surveys in the northern part of the University. In this area, the physical survey result shows that the average ambient noise level and A-weighted noise level were 100.43dB (A) and 99.40dB (A) respectively. Result from social survey in the same area indicated that 72% agreed that generator noise is a nuisance and 94% agreed . …

EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICAL DAMAGE OF GREEN TEA LEAVES INFLUENCED BY THE DIFFERENT POST HARVEST HANDLING PROCEDURES

The quality and quantity parameters of made tea were drastically affected due to the processing of damaged tea leaves. This study was conducted to quantify the damage of the green tea leaves during post harvest handling. The physical damage of green tea leaf was observed in three phases as farmer level, transport level and factory level. Leaf samples were taken just before transport at farmer collecting centers, during and after the partial withering process. . …

A SURVEY OF THE EXOTIC WOODY PLANT SPECIES IN THE CITY OF GABORONE, BOTSWANA

A survey of the exotic woody plants species was conducted in the city of Gaborone. A total of eleven sites (treatments 1 to 11); Segoditshane, Gaborone west, Phase II, Block 8, Block 6, Block 5, Bontleng, Gaborone village, Maruapula, Broadhurst and Ledumang were randomly selected from the total number of eighteen (18) sites using the geographical map of the city of Gaborone. A street name was randomly picked from each site and used as the baseline. An area of 400 m × 100 m was measured along the baseline for each site. The area was then subdivided into three quadrants (replications) of 100 m × 100 m size, spaced 50 m apart. . …

ORIGIN OF THE AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EVOLUTION THEORY

The problem of (human) agriculture is studied in the context of the evolution theory and the definition of the civilization. The author supposes that agriculture was unconsciously created by people. The process went as follows: man civilized and broke away from nature. . …

HORN ANTISYMMETRY IN A LOCAL GOAT POPULATION

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) refers to small random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry. Directional asymmetry (DA) is defined as population-level deviations from bilateral symmetry that are unimodal and significantly different from symmetry. Lastly, antisymmetry (AS) is a pattern of bilateral variation in which differences exist between sides, but the side that is larger varies randomly among individuals. FA reflects the ability of individuals to undergo stable development, so it may provide a potential measure of individual quality. . …

AN EVALUATION OF EXTERNALITIES LINKED TO NIGERIAN FORESTS

Forests produce goods and services (externalities) which are not reflected in conventional market transactions and are rarely considered in government plans. Externalities can be positive (benefits) or negative (loss) with values often difficult to assess. The identification and valuation of forest externalities are essential for proper policy formulations and sustainable forest development in Nigeria. Using different evaluation methods positive externalities and negative externalities were valued. Positive externalities included are grazing, carbon sequestration, fuel wood and charcoal and biodiversity conservation. On the other hand negative externalities identified for Nigeria were erosion floods . …

AEFFECT OF ELECTRIC FIELD TREATMENT ON AVOCADO OIL

We propose an experimental proposal to evaluate the temporal effects of electric field (EF) application on avocado oil samples, based on the idea of inactivation of Polyphenol-Oxidase Enzyme (POE) in avocado pulp. In the present work, EF treatments (9 kVcm-1, frequency 720 Hz and time of 3 min) and two strategies were utilized: EF on avocado oil (oil 1) and EF on avocado pulp, then the oil was extracted (oil 2) were evaluated to assess their effect on the fatty acid profile in avocado pulp. The effect of EF treatment on chemical values of the oils: acidity, . …

INCIDENCE OF PESTS AND DISEASES AFFECTING BANANA IN A COMMERCIAL BANANA PRODUCTION SETTING IN KENYA

A decline in productivity has been reported in areas that were previously regarded as the pivots of banana production in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to identify the major biotic constraints to banana production in Maragua district. The study area was stratified into three zones based on the altitude, the lower, the middle and the upper production zones. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered among 60 farmers followed by farm visits to assess the incidence of pests and diseases. Soil samples were also collected from the study area from which plant parasitic nematodes were extracted and identified to genus level. Split banana pseudo- stems traps were used in the orchards to trap the banana weevil. . …

THE STUDY OF DROUGHT STRESS EFFECT ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SUMMER SAFFLOWER CULTIVARS

An experiment was carried on factorial based on randomized complet block design in 3 replication and 2 factors .factor A was 2 levels of drought stress and factor B was 3 cultuivars.This experiment was held on agriculture office of Khosrowshahr _Iran.The variation analysis and mean eomparing showed that the amount of yield was reduced by drought stress . the most reduction of yield was related to PI (564.2) and the less reduction was related to Isfahan local cultivar (63 kg) .however ,Isfahan localcultivar was known as a tolerance cultivar to . …

PRELIMINARY NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SHRUBS (ATRIPLEX HALIMUS, ACACIA CYANOPHYLLA, MEDICAGO ARBOREA, OPUNTIA FICUS INDICA) FROM THE NORTH OF TUNISIA

The chemical composition, fiber content and nutritional values of four fodder shrubs in northern Tunisia namely, Atriplex (Atriplex halimus), Acacia (Acacia cyanophylla), spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica, var. inermis) and Medicago arborea, were determined in order to characterize nutritionally for their use in food in small ruminants. Atriplex halimus this content Crude protein (CP) highest (20.4% DM), Acacia cyanophylla and Medicago arborea contain, respectively, 17.5 and 16.2%, where as Opuntia ficus indica shows the lowest value (7.4%). The content of organic matter (OM) was comparable to Atriplex halimus and Opuntia ficus indica (74.3 and 70.4%) and statistically different compared to Acacia cyanophylla …

PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR USE SSR MARKERS IN BITTER VETCH “VICIA ERVILIA (L.) WILLD”

A development of genomic DNA extraction protocol from the leaves of Vicia ervilia was conducted. The extraction from fresh material gives better outcomes than extraction from dried leaves. The DNA extracts obtained have significantly higher quality (ratio A260/280 is 1.99 and A260/230 is 1.92). The yields quantity of extracted DNA is also superior (1030 ng/µl). Using enriched genomic bank, sequences containing microsatellite were isolated. Twenty-four pairs of primers allowing the amplification products that are easy to read have been …